Surprise and Disbelief

Hello everyone! hm. .  anyone know what is surprise and disbelief? If you don't know, I have some information about it, Check it out! ;D

1. Surprise

       I think everyone like it. Surprise ! yeaah.. I’ll tell you about, what is surprise on my mind. Surprise is the act of surprising or the condition of being surprised. It can cause person say something unintended.
Example of surprise expression :

What ….
Oh my God !
Goodness !
Awesome ! 

2.Disbelief

          Hello guys, do you know what is disbelief ?Okay I’ll tell you about it now. Disbelief is an act of doubt about the truth of something or a rejection of belief.
Example :

Unbelieveable !
I don’t believe . . .
No, way
Impossible
You can’t be serious !
You lie !
That’s not true
I doubt about that

Example of the dialog :
Dina   : How can you say that ? I can’t believe that !
Kasah : Well, that’s a fact.

Simple Future

Hello~ hello~  Now, we'll talk about simple future tense. .  ^^

Simple Future

A.Definition

Simple Future Tense used to express occurrence/activity to happened/to be  done in the future,do 10 minutes or 1 hour to come ,tomorrow ,the day after tomorrow ,next week,next month ,next year,and so on.If past tenses express occurrence/activity after now ( time past ) ,tenses future simple express occurrence /activity before now
( time future).

B. Positive Tense

Pattern :
S + will+ verb1+ O+ modifier
S + ( is,are.am ) + going + verb1+ O+ modifier
S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier

Example :
Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month
Some students are going to conduct research on vegetative plant propagations next semester.
Transpiration will start to increase tomorrow morning.

C. Negative Tense

Pattern :
S + will + not + verb1+ O + modifier
S +{ ( is,are,am ) going to }+ not +verb1 + O + modifier
S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier

Example :
Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month
Transpiration will not start to increase tonight
He will not be very happy when he finds out.

D.Question

Pattern :
Will + S + verb1+ O + modifier
Will + S + { ( is,are,am ) going to }+ O + modifier
Will + S + ( is,are,am ) + ( verb1 + ing ) + O + modifier

Example :
Will farmers in Jati in Bali grow rice crops next month ?
Will transpiration start to increase tomorrow morning  ?
Will he be very happy when he finds out ?

Direct & Indirect Speech

Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).

We use quotation marks (“______________”) and it should be word for word.

For example:

Nicky said, “It’s hot”.

Or

“It’s hot,” Nicky said.

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.

The tense usually changes when reporting speech. This is because we are usually talking about a time in the past and obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past.

The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

▪         Note: The reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentences are: Tell, order, command, ask, warn, remind

▪         Don’t forget to mention the indirect object. Father warned me not to drive fast.

For example:

Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple                                                                      Past simple

Vita said, “I eat fried rice.                              Vita said that she ate fried rice.

Past simple                                                                            Past Perfect

Mother said, “I went to market yesterday”.                           Mother said (that) she had goneto market the day before.

Future simple Past Future

Lea said, “I am going to wash my clothes”. Lea said (that) she was going to wash her clothes.

Dave said, “I will buy an I-Pod next week”.  Dave said (that) he would buy an I-Pod the week after.

Present continuous                                                             Past continuous

Gama said, “I am playing football”.                                        Gama said he was playing football.

Past continuous                                                                   Past perfect continuous

She said, “I was teaching earlier.”                                        She said she had been teachingearlier.

▪         When we want to report what someone said, we do not usually repeat their exact words, we use our words. We can use reporting verbs, such as tell, say, ask followed by ‘that-clause’.

Example: My mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock.

▪         When reporting verbs is in the Present, Present Perfect, or Future, there is no change of tense in the words reported.

Example: She will tell you

She says                       (that) she doesn’t know.

She has just said

In time expressions and pronouns

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Now Today/tonight Yesterday Tomorrow Last week Next week Ago	Then That day/that night The day before/the previous day The next/following day The previous week The following week/the week after Before
This/these Here Pronouns	That/those There They change according to the context

Sometimes we need to report someone’s questions. The reported question are introduced with the verb ask, inquire, wonder, want to know, etc.

Type	Form	Examples
Yes-No questions	Ask                    +  if/whether  +  subject  +  verb Wonder etc.	“Do you speak English?” - He wondered if I spoke English.
Wh-questions	Ask                    +  question word + subject +  verb Wonder etc.	“What are you watching?” - She asked what I am watching.

Passive Voice

1.	Simple present	Active passive		We OB on RCTI		watched is watched	OB on RCTI (by us)	everyday. everyday.
2.	Simple past	Active passive		Rita A letter		wrote was written	a letter by Rita	yesterday. yesterday.
3.	Simple Future	Active passive		My family A villa		will rent will be rent	a villa by my family	for holiday. for holiday.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Agent In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention theagent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens. Examples: My mother   makes   sandwich every morning. Subject     verb1+s/es      O            C (adv. of time) Sandwich is made  by my mother every morning. Subject     to be+V3      Agent               C (adv. of time)
present continuous : [ S + to be + being +V3 (past participle) present perfect: [ S + has/have + been + V3 (past participle)
present continuous			Active Passive		A young boy is catching a butterfly. A butterfly is being caught by a young boy.
present perfect			Active Passive		Yano has returned the book to the library. The book has been returned to the library by Yano.
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways: 1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence. 2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.
Examples: Active:			John  is giving  his girl-friend a bunch of flower. indirect object      direct object
Passive: The indirect object as the subject			John’s girl-friend     is being given         a bunch of flower.
Passive: The direct object as the subject			A bunch of flower    is being given to John’s girl-friend.

Descriptive text

Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place .

* Textstructure:
- Identification: Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
- Description: Gives the information of particular thing, person, or
 Place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or Characteristic.

* Language figures:
a. Topic is usually about the attributes of a think.
b. The use of think person pronoun forms is used.
c. The use of focus specific human and non human participants.
d. The use of reasoning expressed as verbs or noun.
e. The use of material.
f. The use of relation and mental process.

* Characteristic:
a. Use the simple present tense.
b. Using detailed noun phrases to provide information on the subject.
c. Uses relating verbs to provide information on the subject.
d. Use the thinking and feeling verbs to reveal personal views about the subject
author.
e. Use action verbs.
f. Use adverbials to provide additional information.
g. Use figurative language such as simile, metaphor.

* Grammatical features:
- Who? What?
- Using linking verb and simple present tense,
- Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase,
- Attributive (the)
- Use a attributive and identifying process,
- Focus an specific participants,
- Frequent use of epithets and classified in nominal groups

EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT :

Bandengan Beach

Bandengan Beach or Tirta Samudra Beach is the famous beach in jepara. the place is very beautiful and romantic. people around Jepara, Kudus, Demak knows this place.

This place is located 7 kilometers north of Jepara city center. The way to get there is very easy. Just follow the traffic sign and you will find it. From the town square, follow the road to Bangsri then turn left when reached kuwasen village. You can take public transportation or by your own vehicle.

The white sandy beach which has pure water is good for swimming. The beach is save enough for swimming because the beach is shallow and the wave is not so big. This place is more beautiful at dusk. We can see the beautiful sunset with our family or friends.

In this location, we can sit and relax on the shelter while enjoy the natural beach breezy wind. It also has large pandan tree field. It is suitable for youngster activities such as camping.

If we want to sail, we can rent the traditional boat owned by local people. We can make voyage around the beach or we can go to pulau panjang (panjang island). Some time we can find banana boat and jet ski for rent.

In this place we can find many traditional footstalls. We can order traditional foods sold by the trader such as roasted fish, crab, boiled shell. Pindang srani is one of the delicious food enjoyed by the visitors.

come to the bandengan beach and you will find a paradise on the tips of Muria peninsula.

Invitation ( written )

Hi guys, do you know how to invite someone?
'cause now I'll tell you how to invite someone. . :D

INVITATIONS

Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will, would, would you like to, would you care to, etc

Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?

Accepting invitation
->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes, with pleasure.

Reffusing
->If you don’t mind, I’d rather not.
->Thank you, I’m busy, may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I’m sorry.
->I’ve lost to work to do.

EXAMPLE :

Invitation Verbal

Example:

We want to invite you to come to our house

Can you come to my restaurant?

Are you free tonight?

Accepting 

I like that

That sounds good

Thank you for inviting

Refusing

I like that but I can’t

I’m very sorry for not able to come

Sorry, I’m very busy

Modals In The Past Form

Modals In The Past Form

Modals in the Past form dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.
Modals in the past are :
1. Could
2. Would
3. Should
4. Shall
*Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
Example :
Dhina : I’m having trouble with math.
Rizki : Why don’t you ask Nuri ?
Perhaps she could help you.
*Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibillities.
Example :
Helda : Why is Rio taking the bus to get home.
Fany : He might get a flat time.

*Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Yoan : What did you usually do on holidays ?
Lia : I would visit my grandparents In the village, but how not anymore.
*Would + Mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request.
Example :
Mrs. Lady : Would you mind posting the letter ?
Nita : No, Not at all.
*Should + Verb base
Example :
Nisa : Ima , you should go to library now ?
Ima : O.k.